Surah An-Nisa in English Translation with Explain
Surah An-Nisa (سورة النساء) is the fourth chapter of the Qur'an and consists of 176 verses (Ayat). It was revealed in Medina and covers many aspects of family, social justice, inheritance, and legal matters. The Surah emphasizes the rights of women, justice in society, and the importance of fairness and equality. It is named after "An-Nisa", which means "The Women," reflecting its focus on issues related to women and their rights in the Islamic social structure.
Here is a detailed explanation of Surah An-Nisa with relevant Arabic texts for important verses:
1. The Opening Verses: (4:1)
يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اتَّقُوا رَبَّكُمُ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ مِن نَّفْسٍ وَاحِدَةٍ وَخَلَقَ مِنْهَا زَوْجَهَا وَبَثَّ مِنْهُمَا رِجَالًا كَثِيرًا وَنِسَاءً وَاتَّقُوا اللَّٰهَ الَّذِي تَسَاءَلُونَ بِهِ وَالْأَرْحَامَ إِنَّ اللَّٰهَ كَانَ عَلَيْكُمْ رَقِيبًا "O mankind, fear your Lord, who created you from one soul and created from it its mate and dispersed from both of them many men and women. And fear Allah, through whom you ask one another, and the wombs [of mothers]. Verily, Allah is ever over you, Observer." (4:1)
- This verse begins by emphasizing taqwa (God-consciousness). It reminds humanity of the shared origin of all humans (created from a single soul), stressing the importance of recognizing the rights and duties we owe to one another. It also emphasizes the respect for the bonds of kinship, especially the relationship between parents and children.
2. The Rights of Orphans and Inheritance (4:2-10)
وَآتُوا الْيَتَامَىٰ أَمْوَالَهُمْ وَلَا تَتَبَدَّلُوا الْخَبِيثَ بِالطَّيِّبِ وَلَا تَأْكُلُوا أَمْوَالَهُمْ إِلَىٰ أَمْوَالِكُمْ إِنَّهُ كَانَ حُوبًا كَبِيرًا "And give to the orphans their properties and do not exchange your bad things for the good. And do not consume their properties into your own. Indeed, it is ever a great sin." (4:2)
- These verses highlight the protection of the rights of orphans and prohibit the misappropriation of their property. The Qur'an forbids the unjust consumption of orphans' wealth, emphasizing the seriousness of such actions.
يُوصِيكُمُ اللَّٰهُ فِي أَوْلَادِكُمْ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنثَيَيْنِ
"Allah instructs you concerning your children: for the male, what is equal to the share of two females..." (4:11)
- This verse refers to the inheritance laws in Islam. The share of inheritance is outlined here: a male heir receives twice the amount of a female heir. This law ensures fairness and is based on the social and financial responsibilities that males carry.
3. The Treatment of Women and Marriage: (4:3-4)
وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تُقْسِطُوا فِي الْيَتَامَىٰ فَانْكِحُوا مَا طَابَ لَكُم مِّنَ النِّسَاءِ مَثْنَىٰ وَثُلاثَ وَرُبَاعَ فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تَعْدِلُوا فَوَاحِدَةً
"And if you fear that you will not be just with the orphans, then marry those that please you of [other] women, two or three or four. But if you fear that you will not be just, then only one..." (4:3)
- In this verse, Allah allows men to marry up to four women, but with a condition that they must treat each wife equally. If a man fears he cannot be just, then he is instructed to marry only one. This verse was revealed to regulate the practice of polygamy and to ensure justice for women.
4. The Importance of Justice: (4:58)
إِنَّ اللَّٰهَ يَأْمُرُكُمُ أَنْ تُؤَدُّوا الْأَمَانَاتِ إِلَىٰ أَهْلِهَا وَإِذَا حَكَمْتُمْ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ أَنْ تَحْكُمُوا بِالْعَدْلِ
"Indeed, Allah commands you to render trusts to whom they are due and when you judge between people to judge with justice..." (4:58)
- This verse emphasizes the principle of justice in all aspects of life, particularly in legal matters. Muslims are instructed to act justly and fairly, whether in giving someone their due rights or in judging disputes.
5. The Rights of Women in Marriage and Divorce (4:19-21)
وَعَاشِرُوهُنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ
"And live with them in kindness." (4:19)
- This verse speaks to the importance of treating wives with kindness and respect in marriage. It emphasizes the importance of mutual respect and fair treatment in marital relationships.
فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَنْ لَا تُقِيمُوا حُدُودَ اللَّٰهِ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا فِي مَا فَتَرَتَا "And if you fear that you will not be able to deal justly with them, then there is no blame upon them in what they give up..." (4:20)
- These verses guide the fair treatment of wives in cases of disagreement or divorce, encouraging compromise and reconciliation between spouses whenever possible.
6. The Battle of Uhud and Lessons from It (4:77-79)
أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ قِيلَ لَهُمْ كُفُّوا أَيْدِيَكُمْ وَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتُوا الزَّكَاةَ "Have you not seen those who were told, 'Restrain your hands and establish prayer and give zakah'?" (4:77)
- The Surah refers to the Battle of Uhud and the struggle that the early Muslims faced. These verses remind the Muslims of the importance of patience, obedience, and dependence on Allah in times of conflict. The Muslims were tested in this battle and were reminded of the importance of continuing to uphold the commands of Allah, such as establishing prayer and giving charity.
7. The Legal and Moral Rights of Women (4:34-35)
الرِّجَالُ قَوَّامُونَ عَلَى النِّسَاءِ بِمَا فَضَّلَ اللَّٰهُ بَعْضَهُمْ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ وَبِمَا أَنفَقُوا مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ "Men are the protectors and maintainers of women because Allah has made one of them to excel over the other and because they spend of their wealth..." (4:34)
- This verse explains the role of men in a family as protectors and providers. It is important to understand that this verse does not imply superiority over women but rather a division of roles and responsibilities to ensure the well-being of the family.
وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ شِقَاقًا بَيْنَهُمَا فَابْعَثُوا حَكَمًا مِّنْ أَهْلِهِ وَحَكَمًا مِّنْ أَهْلِهَا إِن يُرِيدَا إِصْلَاحًا يُوَفِّقِ اللَّٰهُ بَيْنَهُمَا "And if you fear a breach between them, then appoint an arbitrator from his family and an arbitrator from her family. If they both desire reconciliation, Allah will bring about reconciliation between them." (4:35)
- This verse emphasizes the importance of resolving conflicts between spouses through conciliation and reconciliation. If the marriage faces difficulties, both sides should seek help from neutral family members to mediate and find a solution.
8. The Prohibition of Killing or Harm to Innocent People (4:92-93)
وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا النَّفْسَ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللَّٰهُ إِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ "And do not kill the soul which Allah has forbidden, except by right." (4:92)
- The Surah emphasizes the sacredness of human life. It forbids the killing of innocent individuals, except in the cases permitted by Islamic law (e.g., self-defense, capital punishment, etc.). This principle promotes the sanctity of life and the importance of justice.
Conclusion:
Surah An-Nisa is a comprehensive Surah that provides detailed guidance on the legal, moral, and social rights of individuals, especially focusing on issues of marriage, inheritance, justice, and family relations. The Surah highlights the importance of fairness, compassion, and respect in both personal and societal affairs, with a special emphasis on protecting the rights of women, orphans, and vulnerable individuals.
It serves as a clear guide for Muslims to practice justice, treat others with kindness, and live in accordance with divine law, ensuring harmony within society. The Surah also addresses social issues, personal conduct, and the implementation of justice, particularly in times of conflict.
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